In a letter sent to Microsoft at the end of last month, EFF and five other civil society organizations—Access Now, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Fight for the Future, and 7amleh—called on the company to cease any further involvement in providing AI and cloud computing technologies for use in Israel’s ongoing genocide against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip.

EFF also sent updated letters to Google and Amazon renewing our calls for each company to respond to the serious concerns we raised with each of them last year about how they are fulfilling their respective human rights promises to the public. Neither Google nor Amazon has responded substantively. Amazon failed to even acknowledge our request, much less provide any transparency to the public. 

Microsoft Takes a Positive Step Against Surveillance

On September 25, Microsoft’s Vice Chair & President reported that the company had “ceased and disabled a set of services” provided to a unit within the Israel Ministry of Defense. The announcement followed an internal review at the company after The Guardian reported on August 6 that the IDF is using Azure for the storage of data files of phone calls obtained through broad or mass surveillance of civilians in Gaza and the West Bank.

This investigation by The Guardian, +972 Magazine, and Local Call also revealed the extent to which Israel’s military intelligence unit in question, Unit 8200, has used Microsoft’s Azure cloud infrastructure and AI technologies to process intercepted communications and power AI-driven targeting systems against Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank—potentially facilitating war crimes and acts of genocide.

Microsoft’s actions are a positive step, and we urge its competitors Google and Amazon to, at the very least, do the same, rather than continuing to support and facilitate mass surveillance of Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank.  

The Next Steps

But this must be the starting point, and not the end. Our joint letter therefore calls on Microsoft to provide clarity around:

1. What further steps Microsoft will take to suspend its business with the Israeli military and other government bodies where there is evidence indicating that business is contributing to grave human rights abuses and international crimes.
2. Whether Microsoft will commit to publishing the review findings in full, including the scope of the investigation, the specific entities and services under review, and measures Microsoft will take to address adverse human rights impacts related to its business with the Israeli military and other government bodies.
3. What steps Microsoft has taken to ensure that its current formal review thoroughly investigates the use of its technologies by the Israeli authorities, in light of the fact that the same law firm carried out the previous review and concluded that there was no evidence of use of Microsoft’s Azure and AI technologies to target or harm people in Gaza.
4. Whether Microsoft will conduct an additional human rights review, or incorporate a human rights lens to the current review.
5. Whether Microsoft has applied any limited access restrictions to its AI technologies used by the IDF and Israeli government to commit genocide and other international crimes. 
6. Whether Microsoft will evaluate the “high-impact and higher-risk uses” of its evolving AI technology deployed in conflict zones.
7. How Microsoft is planning to provide effective remedy, including reparations, to Palestinians affected by any contributions by the company to violations of human rights by Israel.

Microsoft’s announcement of an internal review and the suspension of some of its services is long overdue and much needed in addressing its potential complicity in human rights abuses. But it must not end here, and Microsoft should not be the only major technology company taking such action.  

EFF, Access Now, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Fight for the Future, and 7amleh provided a deadline of October 10 for Microsoft to respond to the questions outlined in the letter. However, Microsoft is expected to send its written response by the end of the month, and we will publish the response once received.

Read the full letter to Microsoft here.